The political economy of the disability insurance: theory and evidence of gubernatorial learning

Abstract The dramatic rise in the disability insurance (DI) rolls in the last 20 years has been the subject of much controversy. While the relationship between DI and labor force participation has been the subject of a growing literature, the mechanism of this transition from employment to DI remains unclear. We hypothesize that one mechanism is the state-level administration of the program which creates a classic principal-agent problem. We analyze the conflict of interests for Disability Determination Services agencies between Social Security Administration (SSA) standards and state gubernatorial political interests interacted with the increased demand for disability insurance as an alternative for low-skilled employment during the period of 1982 to 2013. We find evidence that multi-term governors allow a greater fraction of applicants than do first-term governors, but only up to year 2000, when allowance rates started to decrease over time. We develop a model that illustrates how these differences can be due to the type of monitoring conducted by the SSA. We provide additional evidence supporting this hypothesis analyzing how the effects interact with economic and political constraints. JEL codes H55, I18, I38, G22</jats:p

Estado del despliegue de IPv6 en 2005

el estado del despliegue de IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) en el año 2005 está caracterizado por redes experimentales repartidas alrededor del mundo aunque están apareciendo en la Internet pública algunos servicios IPv6 en producción. Existen productos IPv6 en el mercado, preparados para ser desplegados, pero se carece de las herramientas de gestión de red, y de las aplicaciones e infraestructuras de seguridad necesarias para un despliegue comercial. Asimismo, empiezan a aparecer planes de transición y de despliegue operacional, y el modelo de negocio está bastante bien definido para algunos mercados concretos, básicamente motivados por las ventajas tecnológicas que proporciona IPv6. Las diferentes zonas geográficas se están preparando para IPv6 a diferentes velocidades y con diferentes grados de compromiso público. Este artículo sólo puede referirse a la parte de despliegue de IPv6 que es de conocimiento público y que surge de información conocida por el autor. Asimismo, este artículo presenta modelos de despliegue actual de IPv6 y en qué contribuirán a una adopción masiva por el mercado de redes IPv6 en producción. Se discutirán estos modelos, partiendo del conjunto de actuales despliegues de IPv6 en el mundo y de lo aprendido en el IPv6 Forum y en sus grupos de trabajo (ver )

DHCP for IPv6

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv6) provides a framework for passing configuration information, via extensions, to IPv6 nodes. It offers the capability of automatic allocation of reusable network addresses and additional configuration flexibility. This protocol should be considered a stateful counterpart to the IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration protocol specification, and can be used separately or together with the latter to obtain configuration information. 1 Introduction The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IP version 6 (DHCPv6 [1], or in this document sometimes DHCP) provides configuration parameters to Internet nodes. DHCP consists of a protocol for delivering node-specific configuration parameters from a DHCPv6 server to a client, to be used for allocation of network addresses and other related parameters to IPv6 [2] nodes. DHCP supports optional configuration parameters and processing for nodes through extensions [7] that are added to various DHCPv6 ..